The guitarist, composer and arrangement maker, Cado, in addition to being a virtuoso musician, is extremely creative; I hope that you will read this text attentively and see the impressive talents of this man.

Cado is revolutionizing the course-plan of schools and universities all over the world, with inverted time.For more then a Century, one believed that there was no other kind of musical time besides the time in 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7. Cado has discovered new kinds that are time in 4.5, 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 making room for other possibilities such as: 4.25, 5.25, 6.25 and 7.25, or 4.75, 5.75, 6.75 and 7.75 .

For example:

For instance. 1: For instance. 2:
exemplo1.gif (1463 bytes) exemplo2.gif (1499 bytes)
For the others, it is enough to follow the same rule.

No school will be complete without inverted time included in its teachings.

Until current times, musicians have only improvised in terms of melody, Cado has created the harmonic improvisation and feels rather optimistic that in the future  people will study and make improvisations both harmonically and melodically.

No musician that makes improvisations and harmony will be complete without harmonic improvisation.

In short, Cado will launch a book entitled "XX Century." Therein one will find greater explanations of inverted time,  harmonic improvisations, study techniques and atonal harmony.

Music is 20% training, 20% culture, and 60% the enlightenment of the artist's creative capability.One may acquire training and culture at music schools and universities.

For all to have an idea of how important this artist is to music, it is necessary to discoss the history of music. Initially,music was only melodic.First came vocal music and 4-shaped time ( natural ).Then musicians constructed the first scale and people discovered tonal relationships and other scales.

When
music was solely melodical, musicians composed counterpoints with two, three or more melodies played at the same time, reaching polyphonies of up to 60 voices.This was during the baroque period.Bach discovered a relationship between notes when played at the same time. Music, which was only horizontal, became vertical(Debussy made harmony before this, but using another technique).

Since then
, therehave been many harmonic discoveries such as the seven chords of  tonality, chords borrowed from other tonalities and modulations with artists such as: Bach, Mozart and Ravel.

Mozart took musical
discoveries to extremes, therefore everything was known at the level of functional harmony. The first measures were in 4, 2, 3, 5, and 7, quaternaries, binaries, ternaries, and later on alternated, simple and compound measures.

It was believed that great
artists of the past had already discovered everything at the level of musical time (except for the inverted time) until the end of the XIX Century.

Musical theory comprises of
all discoveries that were put into books and apostilles. It is not like science, which never ends
.Many musicians belive that all musical discoveries have been made; However when the manipulation of mathomatics new music can be created using past findings.

Many musicians have tried to make new discoveries,but, universities with musical programs have failed.

Cado is a forerunner in Brazilian Pop/Jazz style, which combines pop music sound, improvisations of Jazz and Brazil's best rhythms like samba and baião. 

When Cado
brought out his compositions and arrangements in the 90's, in Rio de Janeiro, not only did he conquer the cream of Brazilian jazz, but he also influence in the musical scene.


Considering the musicians who work with hybrid harmonies (Chick Corea, Quincy Jones, Weather Report, etc.), none have
used second voices so far, as they would inevitably get the tierce (note which defines whether the chord is major or minor). People, as well as schools and universities always thought that hybrid harmonies were not for second voices. Now, this thought can change.

When Cado was 20 years old, he developed a technique to solve this problem, using second voices in hybrids.

Before talking about how to use second voices in hybrids, it is important to define  second voices.

Obviously, musician will choose which interval they will use. The 8th , The 5th and unison intervals should not be used because they tend to disappear. The 9ths ,4ths
   and 7ths intervals should not be used because 10ths (one eight above tierces) and the 6ths are better. When they are adapted to a chord,( it will be 10 minor, 10 major, 6 minor or 6 natural.)

Therefore, they will be less sharps. When the musician chooses a fixed interval, he might consider using
10 minor or 6 natural, for they are the best. This intervals are sharper, but there is no problem using them. The 10th interval has a beautiful effect when played by piano and together flute. The same applies to the 6ths in the bass and the guitar, but the results are awful when the guitar and the trumpet play together. Other instrumental combination should be explored too.



Seconds in hybrids

First, we should choose where to place the second voice. It is usually placed at the last part of the arrangement before the song is over. One can observe which note the main melody does not get and which is the interval when the second voice is in the tierce while that note is being played. Afterwards, we would want to use this interval, for the tierce will never appear in the second voice, as the main melody does not get this melody (when it is adapted to the chord), as well as 1 and 9 flat (when it is 6th natural). If we choose the 10th interval, the note will be 5 (when it in adapted) or 5 and 11 sharp (when it is 10th minor).



Which chords to choose:

  1. We can change this hybrid chord to a common chord, that is because we know that if we mix the harmony with common and hybrid chords, it won't change very much hybrid sounds of harmonies with only hybrid chords. Most of those kind of music, the harmony use to already be mixed together hybrid and common chords.
  2. We can change the hybrid chord to a common chord and play it quarter.There is a very good relationship between quarters and hybrid sounds.
  3. We can choose another hybrid chord.
  4. We can choose another chord.It can be common and you may choose if play it quarter or not.


It is important to bear in mind that in modern music, composition and arrangement combine themselves (
i.e., composition is arrangement and vice versa.) Considering this concept, it is important to know the second voice is and where it will be placed in the moment of musical composition ( i.e., composing and harmonizing already thinking about the second voice.)

No arrangement maker/
composer will be complete without using second voice and hybrids.

The last related musical discovery -the Multi Tonic System - was made in 1903. This is symmetry and is used
nowadays by Hermeto Paschoal, Quincy Jones, Chick Corea Electric Band, Wayne Shorter, Egberto Gismonti and by other jazz artists. Orchestras in the first half of the XX Century also used it.

Present day musicians
have tried to revolutionize musical course-plans. For example, Hermeto Paschoal's Som da Aura (Aura's Sound)(making arrangements for human speech melodies), Pat Metheny's CD Zero Tolerance For Silence (playing melodies and harmonies by loosening the strings), and Chick Corea (composing songs that are only conventions, with chords in the middle). In the first half of the XX Century, although using contemporary composition techniques (techniques aimsd at people's cognition,not at beauty), musicians tried with non-conventional scales (mere combination of scales that already existed). They also tried to escape tonality by means of fugues (they sound as tonal as any chromatic), dodecaphonic melodies, which try to dissentail from tonality by playing all the 12 notes, without repeating them (there is always an obvious tonal relation with a 3rd and 5th ,from a note to another),etc.

The degree of sophistication of the work of Cado
is incredibly great, both in harmony and in melody, furthermore, it is of an undescribable beauty.

After we had heard so much about musical theory, people
might think that this is music only for musicians, but, in fact, Cado's pieces of work attract people endowed with a good cultural background and a sensitivity to appreciate such  enlightenment.

 

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